Tuesday, December 9, 2008
Tuesday, October 7, 2008
Analysis of a real-life bill
The bill we analyzed was H.R 7110 about economic stimulus and job creation. This is an appropriations bill and remember appropriations is a fancy word for government spending. Appropriations bills are the only kind of bill that must start in the house of representatives. Any other kind of bill can begin in either.
Here are some resources for researching the bill:
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/vote.xpd?vote=h2008-660
http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/98xx/doc9816/hr7110.pdf
http://www.aflcio.org/issues/legislativealert/alerts/upload/house_stimulus092608.pdf
http://blog.ntu.org/main/post.php?post_id=3781
Monday 10/6: Mrs. Abshire is absent
While I was gone the assignment was to complete the end of chapter questions for ch. 11.
Friday 10/3: Election Update and Committees
Don't forget: watch any of the debates between presidential candidates and tell me what they said about the issues for extra credit. It will replace your lowest classwork grade!
When we got to work on Congress, we remembered from the days before that the most important step to a bill becoming a law is when the bill is in committee. A LOT is decided there.
We practiced assigning bill to committee. For example, a bill about government spending would go to the appropriations committeel; a bill about a treaty with another country would go to the foreign relations committee; a bill amending the No Child Left Behind Act would go to the committee on Education and Labor; a bill proposing a $700B bailout of the economy would go to the joint economic committee.
Wednesday, October 1, 2008
U.S. Congress Research Project
The most common mistake made today that you need to avoid is that people were choosing to research a member of the Texas Congress rather than the United States Congress. Make sure your choices in research are about United States Congress at the federal level.
Some very helpful websites for completing this research project are:
http://www.texas.gov/
http://www.house.gov/
http://www.senate.gov/
http://www.votesmart.org/
http://www.opensecrets.org/
If you choose to use other websites that's fine but be careful. Some of the websites you find on the internet were written by random people and don't have any credibility, and sometimes it's hard to tell what these sites are. For example, wikipedia is a popular place to look up topics but it is not necessarily credible because anyone can go on the website and change things. Be careful when you're researching. Usually anything you find on the school district's library resources page will be good.
Tuesday, September 30, 2008
How a bill becomes a law
Remember, the most important step in a bill becoming a law is when the bill is in committee. Go to http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/ to see the list of different committees and to see what they're up to.
New Unit: Congress
Here is some vocabulary that you should know:
•Expressed Powers- powers the Constitution specifically grants to the national government
•Implied powers- inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions.
For example the constitution specifically says that the Congress is allowed to coin money. But nowhere does it say they were allowed to charter a bank. But the power to coin money implies that you need a bank to put it in so the Congress used the Necessary and Proper Clause also known as the Elastic clause to say that they have to power to create a bank.
Another example is that the Constitution specifically grants the Congress the power to Declare War but no where does it say that it gives the government power to collect intelligence. But the power to declare war implies the need to fight war effectively so the government created the CIA.
Over time the Elastic clause has allowed the National government to expand its power.
Friday, September 26, 2008
Federalism
You will also need to know where there are examples of Federalism in the U.S. Constitution. If you look at Article 4 you will find three clauses that dictate how the states are to interact with each other:
Full Faith and Credit- each state must recognize the valididty of the laws, public records and court decisions of every other state
Priveleges and Immunities- states cannot discriminate against people from other states
Extradition- rules for how states must turn over their citizens to other states where that citizen has committed a crime
You should also know that when the U.S. Constitution was written, no one ever imagined the national government would have as much power as it does today. The power has been streched over time with the "Elastic Clause" also known as the "neccessary and proper clause" that says the Congress can make the laws that it needs to in order to do its job. The 10th amendment which says all powers not given to the national government are reserved for the state often gets lost in the shadows of the elastic clause.
Wednesday, September 24, 2008
Principles of American Government
BUT that leaves 20 more points in the project to make up so here is how to earn the last 20 points on your project: explain each principle of government in a way that shows me you understand it. You can do this on notebook paper or the sheets the others used in class. Here are notes on the principles which will also be available in the make up work file in the classroom:
Popular Sovereignty
Power of the government comes from the people not from itself. People rule the government and not the government rule the people.
Limited Government
The government has to follow its own rules. Government can’t just do whatever it wants or abuse its power
Separation of Power
To prevent the abuse of power, government is separated into three branches: Legislative, Executive and Judicial.
Checks and Balances
There is no point in separating power if one branch gets enough power to take over and control the others so each branch is given certain powers to check up on the others.
Judicial Review
The Supreme Court’s power to ultimately declare an act of congress or the president unconstitutional. Note it can’t exert this power whenever it wants only when the case is brought to them.
Federalism
Some powers only the national government has. Some powers only the 50 states individually have. Some powers they both can do.
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
Structure of the U.S. Constitution
The Declaration of Independence is a letter. It is not law. It does not say how to govern. It was written by Thomas Jefferson for the purpose of informing Great Britain that the United States of America was now its own sovereign nation-state and it included a list of grievances against them.
A constitution is a plan of government. Remember that one of the requirements for being a state is having a government. You don't know how your govenrment is supposed to run unless you write it down and that's where a constitution comes in. So while the Declaration of Independence is an important letter in history that Americans are very nostalgic about, the U.S. Constitution effects us every day because it is the way our government runs.
I can guarantee I will ask about this difference on your next exam.
Today I handed out a copy of the Constitution for you to keep. We began an outline of it so we can be familiar with the structure of the constitution. We will constantly refer to this U.S. Constitution every day so you need to bring it with you to class. From now on you may as well call it Constitution class rather than government class.
Monday, September 8, 2008
Exam Day
Friday, September 5, 2008
Election stuff/Test on Monday!
Also a very important note: Your first exam is Monday! At the end of class I released the essay questions, so you can come to class with your exam essay already prepared. I recommend that everyone do this so that they can put together a well-thought-out and organized answer using whatever resources necessary. If you come to the exam without a prepared answer you will not get to use external resources, only your brain. Here are the questions:
1. Compare two forms of government that are alike. How are they alike and how are they distinct?What makes these two forms different than other forms of government?
2. Explain how social contract theory was an important philosophy to the formation of American government.
Thursday, September 4, 2008
Social Contract Theory, John Locke and the Declaration of Independence AND how we decided to write the U.S. Constitution
To continue on with Tuesday's lesson on the Declaration of Independence, we took a look at John Locke's Second Treatises on Government and compared it to what Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration. We highlighted where Jefferson's and Locke's writing is similar. This was for a grade so if you missed it you need to find these papers in the make-up work tray in the back of the room.
Here are some things that are similar about what John Locke and Thomas Jefferson said about the social contract:
Governments get their power from the people. If the government no longer serves the people it can be overthrown.
This is why Jefferson uses Social Contract theory in the Declaration of Independence; it justifies throwing out England.
How the U.S. Constitution came about
After the United States threw England out, they were left with the task of creating their own government. They threw out the government of England because it was too strong and so powerful it abused the citizens' rights. So the Americans put together a government that couldn't abuse the citizens' rights. They made the Articles of Confederation. The problem was they made the government so weak it couldn't do much at all. After about 10 years it became clear that the Articles were failing so they decided to create a new constitution. They did so by creating the U.S. Constitution in Philidelphia in 1787.
There were problems creating this constitution too. For example: how do you fairly represent states in the legislature? Bigger states wanted more representation because they have more people leaving smaller states to be bullied all the time. Smaller states wanted each state to have an equal vote but the big states said each of our people get a smaller slice of the vote that way. They ended up with the Great Compromise which used both plans together: the number of representatives in the House would be determined by population; the number of senators in the Senate would be equal (2 per state); put them together and you've got a bicameral Congress.
The last problem was getting everyone to agree to the new Constitution. Some people said it was too strong we'd end up with another problem like England and our rights aren't written down anywhere to protect us from the government. These people were called the Anti-Federalists. The others said we have to replace the Articles because our government is too weak. They compromised by adding 10 amendments to the Constitution. These 10 amendments are known as the Bill of Rights.
Tuesday, September 2, 2008
Social Contract in the Declaration of Independence
Otherwise we started analyzing the Declaration of Independence for places where it's based on Social Contract theory. If you are interested in Social Contract theory, click on the link. Tomorrow we will compare the writings of John Locke to what is in the Declaration of Independence.
Friday, August 29, 2008
Concepts of Democracy
Worth of the Individual
Everyone, no matter who they were born to or what characteristics they were born with, is important. They are a separate distinct being with worth and dignity.
Equality of all Persons
Even though we are not neccesarily born of the same intelligence or ability, regardless of the arbitrary characteristics of gender or race, we all have the same opportunity and equality in the eyes of the law.
Individual Freedom
We are not absolutely free because that would be anarchy. However we are free to act within the law. On the flip side, government cannot create law that encroaches on our inalienable rights.
Majority Rule, Minority Rights
In a democracy, the power is in the hands of everyone rather than just one or few. But not 100% of everyone is going to agree all the time. This means that the majority is going to rule. But, if the majority takes away the rights of the minority the democracy starts to destruct. For example, most of the United States does not agree with the KKK about their beliefs but we cannont take away their right to talk about them even if we hate what they say. In a democracy the rights of the minority are protected.
Necessity of Compromise
Again, with power in the hands of many instead of a few there are going to be disagreements. Compromise is where two sides of a disagreement find a way to come to an agreement even if it isn't what both sides originally argued for. If we do not agree to give up some of what we want to find an agreement we could regress into violence and the democracy collapses.
Free Enterprise
In a democracy, businesses are run by private people and not the government. It would be a paradox and improbable for people to be free within the law but business run by the state. The businesses are extended the freedoms that people have in a democracy.
Thursday, August 28, 2008
Classic Forms of Government
Feudalism-
The dominant political system in medieval Europe. Based on the rule of local lords bound to a king by ties of royalty. Peasants are ruled by the feudal lords, and lords are ruled and given title by the king.
Classical republic-
A representative democracy in which a small group of elected leaders represent the concerns of the electorate.
Absolute Monarchy-
A form of government in which a king or a queen hold total control of the military and the government.
Authoritarianism-
A form of government in which an individual or group has unlimited authority. No effective restraint on the power of government exists
Despotism-
Rule by a despot, a ruler with absolute power who uses his rule tyrannically.
Liberal Democracy-
Based on the protection of individual rights and freedoms and the consent of the governed. This form of government focuses on protecting individual rights from the tyranny of the majority.
Totalitarianism-
A type of government that attempts to control all facets of citizens’ lives.
Here are some things you should be thinking about when you study these. Who is ruling? and Who is getting ruled? What is the relationship: In a democracy or a republic general populations participate where in the other forms of government the rulers have unlimited power over the people.
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
the State
It has to have definite borders.
It has to have a population
It has to have a government or in other words an institution that makes and enforces public policy.
It must be sovereign or in other words it rules and controls itself.
This is confusing because most of us already think of states as places like Texas, Florida, New York and California, but this is a different definition. By the definition of "state" that we learned today none of these places is a state because they're not sovereign; they are ultimately part of the United States. For our purposes, examples of a state include the United States, Mexico, Canada, England, France, etc...
There are several theories about how the state came to be.
Force theory says that someone used violence to create and control the first state.
Evolutionary theory says that being the head of a family evolved into a government and when tribes became stationary rather than nomadic, the state was born.
Divine Right theory says that God created the state and kings get their power from God to rule.
Social Contract theory says that men started in a anarchic state then used reasoning to decide to start a society. The state is accountable to the people. This is the most important theory for us because it is the foundation on which our democracy (and most democracies) is built. Philosophers like Hobbes, Rousseau and Locke are famous for writing about it.
Assignment #2 today was:
1. Pick the political theory you think is the most likely. Why is the one you chose the most likely? Are there any flaws in the other theories?
2. Define the state.
Tuesday, August 26, 2008
Government Class Expectations
Assignment #1 today was:
1. Finish the sentence, "Government is..." Include your notion of government. It could be our government or government in general. What do you think government is for. Include all your thoughts.
Monday, August 25, 2008
First Day of School
Tuesday, August 5, 2008
Thing #23: I've made it.
My favorite exercise was the exercise on commenting on other blogs. Before that thing I wasn't really looking out for blogs to read or find applicable one for me. Now I'm looking for blogs and even subscribing to them through an RSS feeder.
How has this program assisted or affected your lifelong learning goals?
This program has assisted me in my lifelong learning goals by giving me tools through which to learn.
Were there any take-a-ways or unexpected outcomes from this program that surprised you?
I was surprised that there was so much I didn't know about. I'm pretty technology savvy (or at least I thought I was) but this has opened up so much more.
What could we do differently to improve upon this program’s format or concept?
Actually I thought it was an excellent concept. The format is fine too. Some times I'm kind of overwhelmed by the amount of links included in an explanation of a thing. Some seem repetitive. It looks a bit cluttered sometimes. Also, I'm surprised that there was nothing about Skype a tool with a lot of potential for the classroom.
If we offered another discovery program like this in the future, would you choose to participate?
Yes, most likely.
How would you describe your learning experience in ONE WORD or in ONE SENTENCE, so we could use your words to promote 23 Things learning activities?
This is the program for any teacher who wants to effectively integrate technology into their classroom
Thing #22: Nings
Thing #21: Podcast
I've got the correct file extension and I think I've got it. So here it is...
Saturday, August 2, 2008
Thing #20: YouTube, TeacherTube and zamzar
Also, just for fun: I'm a little freaked out that there is a video on YouTube that I can be seen in, but there it is. I am a member of the Houston Swing Dance Society and here is a video of some of us dancing. See if you can figure out which one I am.
Thing #19: Web 2.0 Awards
As an economics teacher I can use this website in a unit about personal finance. Students can use interactive functions like mortgage calculators and see what it takes and see what it costs to own their own home.
Also a side note, I saw a website that I might not be interested in but one for my dad. My dad is by hobby a genealogist and one of the award winners was myheritage.com. He's going to check it out.
Friday, August 1, 2008
Thing #18: Online Productivity Tools
Thing #17: Rollyo
Thing #16: Wiki Wiki
Thursday, July 31, 2008
Thing #15: the future of libraries
One note though, I enjoyed the "Vision of Students Today" video from teacher tube. A lot of those things were true about me when I was a college student.
Thing #14: Technorati
I digress though... I should be talking about tagging and technorati. I couldn't really compare the search of "school library learning 2.0" to searching the tags because there wasn't really a tag like that the closest one was web 2.0 and the results were totally different. So I guess you use the search tool when you're looking for something really specific. I would use the tags to browse more casually.
I think as far as tagging goes it was more useful in del.ic.ous because I could tailor the tags to what I want them for. In technorati the website seems to be there to show people what's popular in blogs so if I feel like looking for what's popular in the blogosphere I would check there.
Wednesday, July 30, 2008
Thing # 13: Social Tagging
Tuesday, July 29, 2008
Thing 12 revisited
Thing #12: Creating Community through Commenting
If I got anything out of the posts about commenting, it is post meaningful comments that add to the discussion and don't be rude!
Monday, July 28, 2008
Thing #11: Library Thing
Thursday, July 24, 2008
Thing #10: Online Image Generators
These are fun. This could be a memorable way to hook a student into something but you have to be careful because it's just fun to waste time on. This particular image came from the Comic Strip Generator. I played with some others that you upload a photo of yourself into but I have to spend some time looking for a photo that I want to put of myself on a magazine cover that announces me as teacher of the year. It's easy to upload the photos to these things but I just don't have any on this particular hard drive that I want to use.
Wednesday, July 23, 2008
Thing #9: Useful Library Related Blogs and News Feeds
Monday, July 21, 2008
Thing #8: RSS feeds
Friday, July 18, 2008
Thing #7: Google
iGoogle is also a good tool. I used to use a MyYahoo! page quite often and this is similar. I like being able to get the weather, traffic and news all in one place. It has funny things too like jokes, pictures and riddles.